Medications for Osteoarthritis: Best Pain Relief Options, NSAIDs & Injections

-By ENT Specialist – Dr. Sagar Rajkuwar, Nashik, Maharashtra, India

Clinic Website:www.entspecialistinnashik.com

Table of Contents

(1)Introduction
(2)The aims of therapy for osteoarthritis
(3)Osteoarthritis treatment includes anti-inflammatory and painkilling medications.
(4)Osteoarthritis: Therapies by Injection
(5)Other drugs used in osteoarthritis
(6)Supplementary and alternative therapies
(7)Non-pharmacological care (which is crucial in addition to medication)
(8)Osteoarthritis Medications: Frequently Asked Questions
(9)Safety and Disclaimer
(10)When Should You Visit a Doctor?
(11)Conclusion

A Full Evidence-Based Guide to Osteoarthritis Medications

 (1)Introduction

The most prevalent kind of arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA), is a major contributor to chronic pain and impairment worldwide. When the protective cartilage at the ends of bones gradually wears down, resulting in pain, stiffness, swelling, and restricted movement, the degenerative joint condition occurs. Despite the common association of osteoarthritis with aging, it can also strike younger people, especially those who have had prior joint injuries or are under excessive joint stress.

Although osteoarthritis has no cure, many medicines and non-pharmacological treatments can greatly alleviate pain, manage inflammation, and enhance quality of life. In this article, we offer a thorough, SEO-friendly examination of the medications used to treat osteoarthritis, including their advantages, drawbacks, and crucial safety measures.

(2)The aims of therapy for osteoarthritis

The main objectives of treating osteoarthritis are to:

• * Pain relief
• * Less joint inflammation
• * Increased range of motion and joint function
• * Slowing the course of the illness
• * improving one’s general well-being

Treatment is highly **personalized** and depends on a number of variables, including the severity of the illness, age, related medical issues, and way of life.

(3)Osteoarthritis treatment includes anti-inflammatory and painkilling medications.

1. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)

Acetaminophen is often used as the initial course of therapy for mild to moderate pain caused by osteoarthritis.

Advantages:

• Aids in pain alleviation
•  Affordable and readily available
• compared to NSAIDs, less harmful to the stomach

Limitations and Precautions:

• Doesn’t lessen inflammation
• Maximum advised dosage: **4,000 mg/day** (less in individuals with liver illness)
• Excessive use can result in severe liver injury

Although acetaminophen may be less effective in severe osteoarthritis, some people can still benefit from it.

2. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications (NSAIDs)

The pain and inflammation of osteoarthritis are best treated with NSAIDs, which are one of the most effective medications available.

Typical NSAIDs include:

•  Ibuprofen
•  Naproxen
•  Diclofenac
•  Aspirin
•  Celecoxib

Advantages:

• Lessen pain, swelling, and stiffness
•  Enhance joint functionality

Forms That Are Available:

• Oral pills
• Topical gels and creams (helpful for surface joints like knees and hands)

Possible Adverse Effects and Risks:

• Bleeding, ulcers, and stomach inflammation
•  Higher chance of experiencing a heart attack or stroke
• prolonged usage might result in kidney injury.

**Important Notice:**
In patients with heart, renal, or liver illness, NSAIDs should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest amount of time possible.

3. Treatments Applied Topically

Topical treatments are applied directly to the skin over the injured joint.

**Examples:**

• * NSAIDs applied topically
• * Capasaicin lotion
• * Counterirritants (menthol, camphor)

**Benefits:**

• * Reduced chance of systemic adverse effects
• * Helpful to older folks
• * Effective for joint pain that is localized

The burning feeling caused by capsaicin is often transient and diminishes with continued use.

(4)Osteoarthritis: Therapies by Injection

4. Corticosteroid Injections

Corticosteroids, which are potent anti-inflammatory drugs, are administered via direct injection into the afflicted joint.

**Advantages:**

• * A quick decrease in discomfort and edema
• * Helpful when experiencing severe flare-ups

Restrictions:

• * Normally, pain alleviation lasts between 4 and 8 weeks.
• * Recommended maximum: **no more than 3–4 injections annually per joint**

**Risks:**

• * Continuous usage leads to cartilage deterioration
• * At the injection site, the bone is thinning.

The use of corticosteroid injections is best limited to the treatment of transient symptoms.

5. Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Injections

Joint fluid contains hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring lubricant. The amount of HA drops during osteoarthritis.

**Advantages:**

• * Enhances joint lubrication
• * Can lessen discomfort and stiffness, particularly in knee osteoarthritis

**Limitations:**

• * It takes many weeks for the results to manifest themselves.
• * Costly
• * Conflicting evidence about efficiency

**Guideline Note:**
Because the advantages are inconsistent, HA injections are not universally advised by the major orthopedic and rheumatology organizations.

(5)Other drugs used in osteoarthritis

6. Duloxetine

Duloxetine, which was first used as an antidepressant, is also useful for treating persistent musculoskeletal pain, such as osteoarthritis.

Ideal for:

• * Patients who experience ongoing discomfort
• * OA that is linked to the central pain sensitization

7. Pregabalin

Although pregabalin is mostly used to treat fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain, it can also help some people with persistent osteoarthritis (OA) pain.

8. Opioids

Tramadol, oxycodone, and hydrocodone are examples.

**Critical Notice:**

• * Potential for addiction and significant adverse effects
• * Should be used as a last resort only
• * not advised for the long-term treatment of osteoarthritis

(6)Supplementary and alternative therapies

glucosamine and chondroitin

Osteoarthritis is treated with these supplements.

**Proof:**

• * Results are inconsistent
• * Some patients say that their symptoms have improved, while others disagree.

Additional Supplements

• * Vitamin D
• * Fish oil
• * The same
• * New Zealand Green-Lipped Mussels

Although typically safe, there is little scientific data to back up their efficacy. Before taking any supplements, always talk to your doctor.

(7)Non-pharmacological care (which is crucial in addition to medication)

Medication alone is insufficient. The following actions greatly enhance results:

• * frequent, low-impact activity
• * Managing one’s weight
• * Therapy involving movement
• * Approaches for protecting joints
• * Refraining from heavy lifting and high-impact sports

(8)Osteoarthritis Medications: Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best therapy for osteoarthritis?

The best course of action is not always the same. The most effective approach is a mix of lifestyle adjustments, physical therapy, and medications that are specific to each patient’s needs.

 Which drug is the most effective for treating osteoarthritis?

The most reliable and widely used medications are NSAIDs and acetaminophen.

 What are the four steps of osteoarthritis?

• * Phase 1: Gentle
• * Stage 2: Very little
• * Step 3: Moderate
• * Phase 4: Extreme

What should be avoided if you have osteoarthritis?

• * Exercises with a significant impact
• * Lifting significant weights
• * Extended period of inactivity

(9)Safety and Disclaimer

**Self-treating can be harmful. Many patients depend on internet information and use drugs without medical supervision, which can result in significant health issues.

The purpose of this information is to educate and enhance comprehension rather than take the place of expert medical guidance. Before beginning, stopping, or modifying any medication, always speak with your treating doctor.

(10)When Should You Visit a Doctor?

If you experience the following, you should see a doctor:

• * Pain disrupts everyday life
• * Increasing joint stiffness
• * There are side effects to taking drugs.
• * Despite therapy, symptoms continue to worsen

(11)Conclusion

Despite the fact that there is no cure for osteoarthritis, there are several oral, topical, and injectable medicines that can help manage pain and enhance function. For the best outcomes, therapy must be personalized, combining medications with physical therapy and lifestyle adjustments.

With proper management, individuals with osteoarthritis can preserve their mobility, stay active, and live a high-quality life.

Public Interest Notice

If any patient requires ENT consultation, surgery, or online consultation, they may contact:

Dr Sagar Rajkuwar (MS – ENT)
Prabha ENT Clinic
Plot No. 345, Saigram Colony
Opposite Indoline Furniture, Ambad Link Road
Ambad, 1 km from Pathardi Phata
Nashik – 422010, Maharashtra, India
📞 7387590194 / 9892596635

Issued in public interest by:
www.entspecialistinnashik.com

Causes -In Relation to Osteoarthritis

Among the factors that could contribute to the development of OA are

• Age. As you get older, the likelihood of getting OA increases, and symptoms usually, but not always, show up in those over 50.
• Joint trauma. A bone fracture, cartilage tear, or ligament tear can cause OA, occasionally at a rate that is faster than if there were no evident injury.
• Overuse. OA can result from repeatedly using the same joints in a job or sport.
• Overweight. Excess weight puts pressure and strain on a joint, while fat cells contribute to inflammation.
• Musculoskeletal irregularities. A misalignment of bone or joint structures may hasten the onset of OA.
• Weak muscles. A misalignment that can cause OA can occur if muscles don’t offer enough joint support.
• Genetics. Individuals are more prone to develop OA if they have a family history of the condition.
• Sex. Compared to men, women are more prone to get OA.
• Environmental Influences. Some modifiable environmental risk factors include a person’s occupation, degree of physical activity, quadriceps strength, prior joint injury history, obesity, diet, sex hormones, and bone density.

Symptoms

The onset of symptoms is generally gradual rather than rapid. They consist of

• During activity, after prolonged activity, or at the end of the day, you may experience joint discomfort or agony.
• Joint stiffness usually manifests upon waking or after taking a break.
• Restricted range of motion that could improve after movement.
• An audible click or crack when a joint bends.
• Around a joint, there is swelling.
• The joint is surrounded by weak muscles.
• Buckling or joint instability (as when a knee gives out).

Various areas of the body may be impacted by OA in different ways -In Relation to Osteoarthritis

• The hips. Pain in the groin or buttocks, as well as occasionally in the inner knee or thigh.
• Knees. A sensation of “grating” or “scraping” while moving the knee.
• Fingers. The fingers might get puffy, sensitive, and red due to bony protrusions (spurs) at the edge of joints, occasionally accompanied by discomfort at the base of the thumb.
• Legs. discomfort and soreness in the big toe, with potential edema in the ankles or toes.

Possible Outcomes

Other factors linked to osteoarthritis, such as pain, limited mobility, and medication side effects, might result in health issues unrelated to the illness itself.

Diabetes, obesity, and heart disease

Exercises can be challenging if you have painful joints, particularly in your feet, ankles, knees, hip, or back. However, physical activity is essential for controlling OA symptoms and preventing weight gain, which can cause obesity. High cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure are all conditions that can result from being overweight or obese.

Falls

According to research, individuals with OA are more likely to fall and break bones than those without OA. Despite the variation in study findings, some research suggests that they are 20% more likely to break a bone and 30% more likely to fall. When you have OA, it can affect your general balance, weaken your muscles, impair your function, and increase your risk of falling, particularly if you have OA in your knees or hips. Pain medicines can also cause falls by causing side effects like lightheadedness.

Diagnosis -In Relation to Osteoarthritis

The OA diagnosis is based on a medical history, a physical examination, and laboratory testing.

The first person you discuss your joint pain with could be a primary care physician. The doctor will go through your medical history, symptoms, how the pain impacts your daily activities, as well as your medical issues and drug usage. The individual may also request imaging in addition to examining and moving your joints. The following tests aid in diagnosis:

• Aspiration of the joint. A needle is placed into the joint to extract fluid after the area has been numbed. The fluid from this test will be examined for infection or crystals to help rule out other medical issues or other types of arthritis.
• An X-ray. can reveal joint or bone injuries as well as alterations associated with osteoarthritis.
• MRI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a clearer picture of cartilage and other components of the joint.

Medicines

Pain and anti-inflammatory treatments for osteoarthritis come in the form of tablets, syrups, patches, gels, creams, or injections. They consist of:

• Analgesics. These are pain relievers such as acetaminophen and opioids. Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter (OTC) product, whereas opioids need a prescription from a physician.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). These are the medications that are most frequently prescribed for pain and inflammation relief. They may be purchased over-the-counter or with a prescription and include ibuprofen, aspirin, celecoxib, and naproxen. The OTC versions relieve pain but not inflammation.
• Anti-irritants. The components of these over-the-counter medicines, such as capsaicin, menthol, and lidocaine, irritate nerve endings, causing the pain to feel cold, warm, or itchy in order to distract from the real discomfort.
• Corticosteroids. These prescription anti-inflammatory medications operate in a manner similar to that of cortisol, a hormone. The medication is administered orally or via injection into the joint at a doctor’s clinic.
• Rich in platelets (PRP). This medication, which is administered by injection by a doctor, is meant to alleviate pain and inflammation. Before using this, talk to your doctor because the Food and Drug Administration has not given its approval, and the proof is still coming in.
• Additional medications. Oral medications such as the anti-seizure medication pregabalin (Lyrica) and the antidepressant duloxetine (Cymbalta) have FDA approval for the treatment of OA pain.

Therapies That Don’t Use Drugs -In Relation to Osteoarthritis

Workout

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that you aim for 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise each week since movement is a crucial component of an OA treatment plan. An effective exercise program for managing the discomfort and stiffness associated with OA includes four components:

• Muscle-strengthening exercises lessen the strain on sore joints by building muscles around them.
• The stiffness can be lessened and the joints kept moving by stretching or doing range-of-motion exercises.
• You can lose weight while increasing your endurance and energy levels with aerobic or cardio activities.
• Balance activities aid in fall prevention by strengthening the tiny muscles around the knees and ankles.

Before beginning a new workout plan, speak with a physician or physical therapist.

Weight reduction

Fat cells encourage inflammation, and excess weight puts extra strain and pressure on weight-bearing joints such as the hips, knees, ankles, feet, and back. Reducing extra weight helps alleviate pain and slow the progression of joint damage. Every pound of weight lost alleviates four pounds of pressure on joints in the lower body.

Assistive Equipment and Physical Therapies -In Relation to Osteoarthritis

Chiropractors, physical therapists, and occupational therapists can offer the following:

• Exercises designed specifically to reduce pain and strengthen your joints.
• Details on organic remedies and items that can alleviate discomfort.
• Advice to safeguard joints and improve mobility.
• Shoes, braces, or other aids.

Surgery

Damaged joints can be replaced with joint replacement surgery to alleviate pain and improve mobility. Joint surgery, on the other hand, can enhance function and lessen pain. The knees and hips are the joints that are most frequently replaced. Based on the extent of joint damage, an orthopedic surgeon may recommend the best course of action.

Issued In Public Interest By –

www.entspecialistinnashik.com